Entity Bean Life Cycle

The investment of infrastructure and the democracy as a government form in Africa is the only solution to the under development of Africa and to impoverishment. The continent is late on all the continents in the world in the terms of economical and social development. All the countries form the African continent has problems the similar economical ones to know unemployment, the highest deficits, the poor state of economical and social infrastructures including the roads, the harbors, the education, the airports, the telecommunications, health and the sanitary system.

The centuries of slavery and of colonialisme deprived the continent of its resources more capable, more human and more economical. Where as the men and the capable women were taken to work in the plants of Americas (in all about 30 - 40 million), the natural resources where pillaged by the European countries to know Belgium, Great Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Italy. After the slavery was abolished to pillage it natural continued resources. The irony is that practically the whole income of these resources was used to finance the economical one and the development of infrastructural of the European countries with little or nothing developed the various countries where these resources came from. A clear example is the case of Democratic Republic of Congo where the King Leopold II of Belgium enslaved the Africans, the forces to work without the salary, killed almost 10 million and pillaged the country of its resources and practically nothing was used to invest in the country except the rifles that the army of Belgium that is used to kill the Africans. When the DRC was transferred Leopold II to Belgium declares that to pillage it and kill continued to DRC won his independence in the years 60. In fact DRC (Congo Liberates the State) was the principal supplier of rubber a first vital matter for the industry of tire and all the money of the sale of rubber went to Belgium. The king Leopold II could transform Belgium as one of the poorest country in Europe in one of the courtesy more rich subservience and pillaging Africans and their resources.

Belgium was not alone in what they did to the continent. The Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany and Italy all pillaged Africa of his gold, his diamond, his ivory, his wood, his cobalt, and all the minerals that you can think about. The Africans that withstood the illegal activities were killed in their million as arrived in the South Africa of west (now Namibie) where the Germans in 1904 to 1907 committed the first genocide of the twentieth century while killing the Herero and the people of Namaqua. While Europe became richer Africa than became poorer and the tendency continued until the years 50 when the African countries began winning their 'with Libya in 1951, Soudan, Morocco, Tunisia all in 1956 and Ghana in 1957.

With very few investment in the continent the various post governments colonial inherited countries with practically no infrastructure: the roads, the bars, the harbors, the telecommunications, the education, health and the sanitary system and the airports. The only sectors that saw some few investments of infrastructure during the colonial days those lss were where the first matters heavily were extracted. The independence realization is not lit Plata in money. Algeria, Zimbabwe, Angola, Kenya, Namibie and to some South Africa of range all attained their independence of their masters colonial by the fights of arm and in most of the cases the few infrastructures that existed were destroyed because of the conflict.

As if the slavery, the colonialisme and to pillage it resources of the continent was not enough the continent became a fight ground during the Cold War as the two great strengths and their allies fought for influence and the check on the continent principally for its resources. Consequently a lot of African governments that were estimates to be pro russia or America was reversed the army usage. A pertinent example was the overthrow of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana February 24th ,1966.Another example is the overthrow and the assassination of Patrice Lumumba of Congo January 17th 1961. the Other leaders as Nelson Mandela were imprisoned for or recommending for the independence or the improvement of conditions of Africans. THE CIA and the community of intelligence of the west were implied to organize the assassinations and the overthrow of elected leaders of Africa. For the example Larry Devlin, the Boss of Station of CIA to Congo during the days of Lumumba of Patrice spoke with the Post of Washington in the word December 2008 it refused an order to murder Patrice Lumumba but his refusal did not stop the CIA and the government of Belgium to reverse and to murder him. The assassination attempt on Gamal Nasser of Egypt on 24th October 1954 and the assassination of the President Anwar Sadat in 1981 was alleged to be the work of Great Britain M16 because of their refusal to put back the administration of the Canal of Suez the British. The CIA, KGB and their allies encouraged of the and the financed wars and political instabilities through the continent. The Angola became the fight ground for the CIA, KGB and the Chinese as every tried to win the check on the country, its people and its resources. The civil war that swallowed up the country in 1975 only finished one in 1991 after 26 years of conflict. When the war finished the few infrastructures that remained after the war of independence (1961-1974) were gone.

The product of these assassinations and of blows of state was the political instabilities and the destruction wanting lives and the property including the infrastructures that tormented Africa until today. As the elected leaders of the continent were murdered, was reversed and was exposed to all forms of tactics of cold war including the corruption, the arm twisting and does to sing the degenerate continent and criticized on all aspects of human attempt. The new harvest of leaders that replaced the post the leaders of colonial independence and that principally were puppets of the European and of American governments became more and more authoritarian and corrupts. Joseph Mobutu Seseseku that became the choice of the Americans after they help to murder Lumumba governed Congo for 32 years and in these years the country became poorer as Mobutu and its buddies enriched themselves and the western countries notably WORE and its allies had at raised hand pillaging the resources the minedrales the in an important way cobalt than a mineral Need of the missile development. The small activities of infrastructure were executed by Mobutu. As a result Congo today only can be attained by boat of the and the canoes principally by the Congo of River.

As the tyrants and the dictators won the support of governments of the west and did although they wanted with their economies without the questions their people became poorer and despair and despair were the brands of factory of their lives. As the small money that came in the cash registers of government was taken by the officials and the corrupt officials there was not almost money to execute the development of infrastructural and poverty deepened. Poverty, despair and despair visited the people and coupled with their inability to change their leaders democratically, the dissents were sown among the population that uses student the reason for more of blows of state, the civil wars and the civil disturbances. This was proof to Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Ivory Coast, The Gambie, Libedria, Mauritanie, Algeria, Gabon, Togo, Cameroon, Guinea Equatoriale, Guinea Bissau, the Republic of Central Africa, Chad, Soudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Sierra leone all blows of experienced states in the years 60, the years 70, the years 80 and even in the year beginning 90. These waves of blows of state were followed by the civil wars that hit Libedria, Sierra leone, Ivory Coast, Congo, Chad, the CAR, Somalie, Uganda, Soudan, Angola, Niger and Guinea. These wars outside of him the human cost contributed also to the road destruction, the harbors, the airports, the bar lines, the telecommunications, the hospitals, the schools and a lot more. With the absence of infrastructures the countries were incapable to do any progress from the viewpoint of the economical development. To reverse centuries of slavery and of colonialisme on one hand and decades of blows of state and of civil wars on the other hand, the governments should converge their attention on the infrastructure construction on the continent.

This is because the infrastructure state on the continent is of nothing to write of: the roads, the harbors, the telecommunications, health, the education, the market and the airport are no the existence or are in a state to terrorize to describe. We neglected the few one that existed to rot nevertheless we forgot that no continent or no nation imports the size of the natural resources that she was able to develop without investing in infrastructure. That is why the Democratic Republic of Congo has every mineral that you can think about nevertheless they are one of poorest one on the continent. That is why Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong developed and that is why the President Elit Obama talks about infrastructures United States of building because they are the motors that run the economy. You cannot export if you have not harbors and the airports to support it. You cannot attract tourists if you have not the airport, the hotels and the other infrastructure that it supports. You cannot move items of the centers of production to the consumer centers if you have not roads, the bar clothes of the and the infrastructure of internal water for it book. You cannot furnish the industries with the doctors, the architects, the bankers, the lawyers, the projeteurs, the engineers, the professors, the nurses if you have not educational infrastructure for it book. And you cannot run an effective economy and vibrating if you have not the infrastructures of energy and telecommunications to his place. Africa tested serious interruptions in the energy sector during years and no government saw any wisdom to resolve. As a result factories fold and dismiss workers and we await the nature to help fills our barriers before we rectify the problem. Not these could do approach anything to problem resolution helps our continent and our nations to develop? What do we with the sun abundance on the continent? We did not take advantage of him, isn't that right? We have the sun 365 days and we have not the faucet in the solar energy that is inexpensive and more reliable than the hydro. The this is another indication of the useless institutions that we have and the lip service paid by the various political parties and their leaders to the development. Look at around you and see so any of the items that you see are done in Africa. I mean the movable telephones, the computers, the television, the cars and all the things tape-a -l'oeil that African crazing for. The it is sad to note that almost all the first matters needed to construct these movable telephones, these cars etc are obtained from the countries on the continent.

To appreciate infrastructure importance as the foundation of the development of the continent let us allow us considers transportation infrastructure in a country for example. The development of each country is strongly dependent on a system of infrastructure of reliable transportation for the internal transportation and to link up the rural communities to put on the center market. The infrastructure role to the economy of a nation especially cannot be exaggerated his effect on the sustainable development, the growth of PIB, the inflation, and the poverty reduction. Effective and effective provision of infrastructure of transportation in a nation underlines all attempts to reduce poverty.

The games of infrastructure of transportation role essential while unifying all sectors of the economy including farming, health, the education, the commerce, the industries, and maintain. It is therefore says that the transportation is the wire of life of the economy. Without the infrastructure of transportation activities and the social and economical developments will stagnate usually. Transportation infrastructure guarantees that the first matters are brought to the factory, while the items finish industrial also are distributed to put on the market of the centers and communities where they especially are needed. The farming commodities as the food harvests are put at the disposal to the inhabitants urban by the roads, the bars, the airports and the harbors. Transportation infrastructure guarantees also as the services products are elsewhere available where they are necessary and to the fitting time.

Transportation infrastructure still causes the administration of political entities as the neighborhoods, the towns and the easy regions because it furnishes the access to the opportunities of social infrastructural as the schools, the clinics, the hospitals, the markets, the security services, and the administrative offices. Transportation infrastructure has a correlation in the living general norm improvement of people lives in the rural and urban communities. It improves the quality of life of the people and added the advantage of to guarantee quick growth and the sustainable development and has an effect of long race to reduce poverty.

In the sectors where the opportunities of infrastructure of transportation are unavailable or damaged itself in serious difficulties are met in the production, the distribution and the marketing of goods and services. Such positions have also negative implications for the clientele of goods and services products just like usage of such opportunities as the clinics, the hospitals, the markets, and the schools. This has a negative repercussion on the state and the quality of life of the people affected by such positions just like a down below the walked effect on the levels of production and productivity in the sectors where the condition of infrastructure of transportation is bad. The this is a fact well recognized that the infrastructure of transportation and for this question all investments of infrastructure have correlations in the development and therefore the level of life of the people.

To move the continent far of his current difficult position, its works of infrastructure of public transportation should be executed by all governments. Quickly to dispatch rail lines should be constructed to link up the various parties of the continent. This will do the first transportations and the voluminous items easier. The roads should be constructed to do the less difficult transportation. River Nil that is the river more long in the world should be developed as a network of transportation of water for than the internal major items could be transported on and down below the stream. The other major rivers as the Limpopo, Zambezi, Congo, Niger that all should be developed the to do possible for the items and the people to move itself easily. Every effort should be done to develop the technology that will exploit the potential one of solar energy of the Desert of Sahara if as to do the access to the energy easily.

The major harbors as those in Durban, The Cape, Lagos, Tema, Mombasa, the Harbor Said, Tunis, Tripoli and Benghazi should be developed are increased if necessary and every effort should be done to remove every neck of edtranglement of administration and the bureaucracy that will paralyze the commerce and the development. Airport infrastructure should be developed to do it easier for the people to move itself with the comfort through the continent. The international airports in each country should be increased if must be and should be equipped with the modern technology to do less cluttering for the passengers to cross. Besides the bureaucracies, the necks of edtranglement of administration, the delays that bother the easy flow of people should be eliminated. Therefore there should be a political town of immigration that streamlined well being to take care of the people. The advantage of investment of transportation is huge and should be therefore given a priority.

If we can take advantage as much of infrastructure of transportation then how of our sector of education on which the development of the continent and our nations rests? Education infrastructures on the continent and in our nations was not developed. Does they have? Look at the world classifying Universities and sees where the first university on the continent falls. We can allow ourselves to develop the continent and our nations with the graduates of low quality in order not to mention the millions of illiterates and half literates that wander around the continent and in our country? About 9,760 universities Accredited in the World, less than 10 universities should do it the first one 500 and even those that did about 90% came from South Africa that it is the country more developed on the continent (the source: topuniversities.com). The this is completely clear that our education system does not produce the architects, the engineers, the projeteurs, the bankers, the lawyers, the doctors, the professors, the social workers, the nurses and the scientists that we need in the 21st Century. That is why every architectural major and engineering activity on the continent is business by the foreigners and the foreign businesses especially of WEAR, Japan, China, India and Europe. And any continent and for this any question nation that depends on the foreign expertise for his survival is the ruin to fail to the long one.

The Universities lack lecturers well of the induced. They lack the modern opportunities as the libraries of not at all, the opportunities of simulation of laboratory, the studios, the computers, and the books. They lack them because we cannot construct them; we cannot construct them because the programs did not prepare our students to construct them. Consequently let us have us the importation the equipments and the country books that did their work of house and invested well heavily in the education notably in the science and the technology. In a lot of our universities, Polytechnics and the lecturers/professors of secondary schools always teach students the same manner the nineteenth century institutions academic taught to forget that we are in the 21st century. The even note given a student of final year always are given four years ago to the students of first year with no addition and to subtraction. The lecturers cannot write books for the students because they have not the resources to execute the research that forms the basis of academic equipment.

While the students in the advanced countries obtain their hands on the books immediately they are relaxed those on the continent has the expectation 4 years or same more to obtain the even books. Which is more the academic opportunities including the libraries are in a state terrorizing also to describe. Not a single of our universities can praise themselves volumes of more than two million books in their libraries. Even the few books that they have are of so old one that information contained in are them useless. Very few books were published by Africans. Because of this most of the students must count on the grades that the lecturers give them. This is the state of our universities and the little that I say of our Polytechnics and the secondary schools (the secondary Schools) the better one. Our research institutions attained very small because they are financed insufissament and the researchers have not the expertise and the opportunities to execute significant research. A pertinent example is Institute of Research of Cocoa of Ghana (CRIG) localized again Tafo in the Region of the east of Ghana. Despite the decades of his Ghana of existence always exports beans of raw cocoa for the groundnuts. No value was added to cocoa. CRIG was not able to propose other manners in which ones to use the beans to take Ghanaian advantage despite the proof climbing that the beans have several potential usages. To do the continent of Africa and the governments should do the education a priority. They have as the question of urgency and of necessity invests in educational infrastructure.

What's more of these institutions of higher erudition should be structured to produce engineers, the doctors, the lawyers, the bankers, the sociologists and all the various human resource needed for the nation building. The exchange programs should be established between the institutions and the universities on the continent for that the students on the continent could meet, reacts mutually and could divide ideas. Every effort should be used for student the erudition and the erudition quality on the continent. The effort should be done to attract African in the Diaspora to come and divide their expertise with their colleagues and contribute their knowledge towards the continent development. The research institutions should be established through the continent and subsidizing furnished to propose them how the various natural resources on the continent could be used to take advantage the people. With the Africans of capacity of just human resources could undertake now their trip to liberate its poverty people

How state of the infrastructure of lodging? A visit to any town or to any city gives the same picture of lodging and the poor mediocre quality of public service. The people live in the houses mud/of stubble with the leaf of bamboo or raffia as the cover leaf with no electricity, no water and no drinkable clinics. They live in a subsistence environment without the social security, the disease insurance and are condemned to poverty, despair and despair. Those live in the urban sectors are without the jobs, without the hypotha¨que, and do facing the high bills of usefulness with the mediocre service. They do facing the constant barrier of interruptions of water and everyday energy. In each country, every region, every neighborhood the position is not different. On the other hand our MPs, the ministers, the vice presidents, the presidents and the political leaders, their buddies and the families lives in the total luxury with the manoirs, SUVS, the body guards, the big salaries, the big bonus, lodge servants and they have all the resources of the continent at their disposal. Nevertheless they claim to serve the people. How can it this be? The governments should invite the private sector to participate in the lodging delivery. Land and the other infrastructure of service such water, such electricity and such loss treatment should be furnished to do it less difficult for the private sector to join.

Look at the state of the agricultural sector. How much of our farmers has their own tractors and their farming equipments to produce beyond the subsistence level? Practically no. Almost all the important equipments needed to do the sector of agric viable and productive to must is imported and how much of our farmers has their own resources to buy even the basic machinery to increase their farms? Although we are in the 21st Century nevertheless our practices of farming indicate that we did not move ourselves always beyond the nineteenth century. This is the reasons more why we continue to hunger although the rich grounds are full of Africa. During the first party of the 2008 violence of financial crisis broke out in Egypt, Sierra leone and in a lot of other countries on the continent. Why is this if? The response is neglected us the sector for completely too a long time. The farmers has not any access to the irrigation that can do to cultivate all the possible year. They must count on the nature for rain before they are able began the plant. They has not any access to the credits could help them to increase their farms. Nevertheless the Ethiopia for example could allow millions of dollars to buy equipment military while the famine threatens to annihilate its people. She cannot allow itself the tractors and equipments of irrigation that could help put food on the table and retrieve the dignity of its people. The lack of agricultural infrastructure brought the famine to million on the continent. There is not silo for the emmagasinage during the exceptional harvest. No roads to produce sectors. We under uses our earth our engagement by lacks political. We cannot develop our economies if we do not invest in infrastructure.

What's more, the commerce among the countries should be encouraged of the all of the levels. The Africans must know that together they are held or fall and therefore the old politics of former master first colonial and second of neighbors should be discouraged and all should be stopped continuation. This is the reasons more why it this is itself important than these countries exchange among itself, develop their market, divide their resources for that the lives of their citizens will improve. The continent should not be allowed using the ground of offloads losses for European made items. The industries of replacement of importation widely should be adopted on the continent and the commerce should be encouraged of the all of the levels. The era where the first matters with little added the value is exported for the groundnuts should be given the boot. As the Americans said to the Japanese 'if Japan wants that a part of the American market then their items should be made to right here in America. The same yarden should apply to any business or to any country that wants a part of the African first matter.

All national interests should induce a common interest for the people voucher on the continent and the fidelity and the influence of outside the bodies should be treated as the critic. Africa and its people must be given a serious consideration in all questions of developments more economical, more social and more political. The old philosophy to sell the continent to the coalitions and the international commercial corporation should be given the boot. The Africans should know that the Europeans, American and their Institutions of Wood of Bretton has not any interest to see that the develop to better they prefer than the slavery and the colonialisme were return.

The au-dessus of the mentioned problems should be given a priority if Africa is to detach itself cycle of poverty that the people endured since decades so not centuries.

Hope that the 21st Century be different for the continent. Hope that the infrastructure building will be given a higher priority by the various members of African Unions.